Churjst



'oNiTED srArEs PATENT orrior;e

GEO. B. CLARKE, OF LEONARDSVILLE, NEW YORK.

CHURN.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 8,373, dated September23, 1851.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, GEORGE B. CLARKE, of Leonardsville, to-wn of Brookfield, in the county of Madison and State of New York, have invented certain new `and useful Improvements in churns, which improvements in combination and in connection with ordinary attached parts, I denominate Clarkes excelsior churn, and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming partof this specification, in which- Figure 1, is a plan the lid of the churn being open. Fig. 2, is an end elevation. Fig. 3, is a longitudinal sect-ion through the line 0, 0, Fig. l, and Fig. 4, is a transverse section.

Similar letters of refe-rence denote similar parts in each of the several figures.

The nature of my invention consists in hanging the body of the churn horizontally and causing it to revolve on fix-ed or permanent axles through which at either end are branch tubes connected to a stationary cylinder within the body serving (if required) by the passage of warm or cold fluid through them, to temper the milk, the fluid being (if convenient) injected by pump, worked from the revolving body of the churn, whose interior is provided with cleats or strips either with or without projections from them, which projections (if used) will work between teeth projecting from a cross bar made `permanent by connection with the fixed axles and serving to break the circular motion of the milk and thereby cause it to be precipitated on the cylinder at the center.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention lf will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

A, is the body of the churn of cylindrical shape which is supported horizontally and turns on permanent axles B, B, (at either of its ends) projecting centrally for a short distance through the ends into the body A, and formed with cylindrical cavities a, a, open to the interior of the body but closed at their outer extremities, the axles fitting in blocks C, C, connected with or forming part of a suitable framing. The axles may be fitted in the blocks by being made with flat or angular surfaces on their exterior where passing through the blocks or they may be keyed or otherwise firmly secured and are provided with branch apertures upward connected with which are Ventilating funnels D, D; the cylindrical body A, of the churn has a lid E, opening outward, formed with a joint or joints Z), (Fig. 4E) and clasp c, or a 'sliding lid, if preferred, may be used.

el, (Z, CZ, (l are cleats or strips of any desired number, thickness and breadth extending lengthwise of the cylinder, to the interior periphery of which they are secured, and c, e, e, e, are pins or projections situate at certain distances apart and attached to or forming part of the cleats which may if preferred be made without such or any pro-jections, as shown in the drawing where two of the cleats are seen plain.

F, is a stationary cross bar of nearly the same length as the interior of the body A. and which is situate a little to one side, or not directly over the center line of tl.e body A, it is removably attached and secured at its proper height and position by arms or braces g, g, fitting on or firmly secured to the axles B, B, and is made with a joint 7L, at its center for the convenience, by bending or doubling of putting it in or taking it out of the body of the churn through the lid E,

and

z', z', z', are teeth on pins projecting from its upper surface between which the pins c, c, c, c, may work. The cylindrical body A, is made on one of its ends with a pulley G, attached to or forming part of it, aroundwhich a belt H, passes that is driven by a pulley I, through handle J, or may be made to revolve by a belt passing over either of the hoops j, j, that bind the body, or it may be driven by crank or other gearing, and by any suitable power. Also the hoops j, j, may serve, by belt, to drive one or more corresponding churns through the application of the motive power to either one of them, whereby the cream and milk may be simultaneously and in any quantity churned separately if required.

K, is a stationary metal cylinder having a vertical corked nozzle 7c, at its center and having, or being firmly connected with, xed stationary tubes L, L2, communicating centrally at either end of the cylinder K, which they support, the tubes L, L2, being of .less diameter (so as to leave an annular space around them) than the cavities a, a, of the fixed axles through which they pass and terminate in vertical funnels M, M2, the one of which (M2) having attached to' it a waste or outletbranch Z.

N, is an ordinary force and suction pump, m, being the suction branch and n, the delivery pipe which communicates with and feeds the funnel M, it is worked by eccentric ring P, by the cylinder or body A, through a stirrup s, and arms and rods r, 1', fr, or it may be operated by the churn in any suitable way.

I will further proceed to explain the operation and description of my invention. Milk or cream is put into the vessel oi. body A, of the churn so as to partly lill it only, say from one third to two thirds more or less as desired, the lid E, serving to feed it also to extract the butter, and which lid, when closed, should fit tight so as not to leak: The pump N, serving either to pass through the cylinder K, a current of warm or cold water, according to the requirements of the climate or circumstances, as may be deemed advisable to temper the milk in the churn in order to produce that consistency which is found most profitable in obtaining butter, and by uncorking at first the nozzle 7c, so as to obviate any confinement of air, the cylinder K, may be kept holly filled with running Water (thereby enlarging its tempering surface) or it may be only partially filled as desired; or in cases where no tempering is necessary the cylinder K, with its several parts, as also the pump N, may be disconnected from the churn, or be altogether dispensed with, and such other internal arrangements substituted for the cylinder K, and tubes L L2, as may be considered desirable, but in order to illustrate the operation of the churn with the several parts constructed and arranged as dest'fribed, the effect produced when motion is given to the vessel A, in the course indicated by red arrow Fig. 4, is as follows: The milk or cream will have conveyed to it a centrifugal force which will leave in it a void or space near the center of the body A, also will have communicated to it a motion corresponding to the movement of the vessel A, causing the milk to be carried partly round which motion the cleats 0l, d, d, d, and their projecting pins will further extend until the milk is thrown against the bar F, and its several teeth that being situated as shown and specified, a little to one side of the central line of the churn will not only give to the milk increased agitation but will cause it to be precipitated on to the cylinder K, near its center, where, as the current of tempering fluid is constantly passing through, the several particles of the milk in the course of its agitation, will receive an equalization of temperature, of the same degree, or nearly so, as the water in the cylinder K, which as before observed may be warm, or cold asv thought best, the current of tempering fluid being regulated in proportion to the velocity of the churn or amount of agitation given, by reason of the pump N, being driven by the body A, (or through the same motive power) whereby the same relative proportions of speeds is always maintained, the water entering the funnel M, and being discharged through the outlet Z, of the funnel M2, and in order further to expedite or improve the process of churning, fresh air will be constantly admitted to the milk down the funnels D, D, and through the spaces a, a, caused by the void produced near the center of the vessel A, by the centrifugal force given to the milk or cream.

Having thus described my invention I will now state what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent.

l. I claim the employment of a revolving vessel A, containing the cream or milk, with or without cleats d, d, CZ, d, constructed either plain or with pins e, e, e, e, or having any other suitable internal projections, and operating in combination with a toothed or plain stationary cross bar F, removably or permanently secured to the fixed axles'B, B, and situated in the space forming the upper half of the vessel A at any desired distance from the center thereof.

2. I likewise claim the employment of a tempering cylinder K, and tubes L', L2, in combination with the revolving vessel A, and cross bar F, for cooling, or warming, and agitating the milk by its precipitation thereonas caused by the circular motion conveyed to the milk and interruption or arresting effect produced, substantially as shown and described.

GEO. B. CLARKE.

I/Vitnesses z ISAAC P. MINER, BELL LEWIS. 

